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Real cases. Real companies. Real people. This is why we build local.

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Sources checked September 14, 2026 20 documented cases

These 20 cases document different situations: a company disclosure, an investigation, a lawsuit, a settlement or a regulatory fine. Each card identifies its source and the date of the event or document. A complaint contains allegations; it is not a judgment. Announced fines may be appealed and are not necessarily amounts collected or paid to victims.

Court and regulator links lead to official records in the country concerned. For company notices, no judicial outcome is inferred. Sources open only when you follow their links.

Jump to one of the 20 cases
  1. Hugging Face · Spaces
  2. 23andMe
  3. Clearview AI
  4. Avast · Jumpshot
  5. BetterHelp
  6. Ring · Amazon
  7. Tim Hortons
  8. Vercel
  9. Mercor
  10. McKinsey · Lilli
  11. OpenAI
  12. Free · Free Mobile
  13. Change Healthcare
  14. TikTok
  15. Qantas
  16. Google
  17. LinkedIn
  18. Meta · Facebook
  19. Texas v. Meta
  20. WhatsApp
Case 01 / 20
Hugging Face · Spaces

Unauthorized access involving Spaces secrets

31 May 2024

International · Company incident notice

Hugging Face reported unauthorized access to Spaces and suspected that some stored secrets could have been accessed. It revoked affected tokens, advised rotating keys, and reported the incident to authorities.

Company disclosure; this source does not establish a lawsuit or a penalty.
Case 02 / 20
23andMe

Genetic data and insufficient account security

5 June 2025

United Kingdom · joint investigation with Canada · Regulatory fine

Following the 2023 cyberattack, the ICO found inadequate safeguards for UK users’ information. The joint investigation with Canada examined weaknesses allowing attackers using reused credentials to access sensitive data.

ICO penalty: £2.31 million; 155,592 UK users affected.
Case 03 / 20
Clearview AI

Faces collected for a recognition database

October 2022

France · Regulatory fine

The CNIL sanctioned Clearview AI for collecting facial images without a lawful basis and for failures concerning people’s rights. It ordered an end to unlawful processing and deletion of the relevant data concerning people in France.

CNIL fine: €20 million.
Case 04 / 20
Avast · Jumpshot

Privacy software and the sale of browsing data

27 June 2024

United States · FTC consent order

The FTC alleged that Avast collected and sold browsing information through Jumpshot despite privacy promises. The finalized order prohibits selling or licensing browsing data for advertising and requires deletion of certain data and derived products.

Settlement: $16.5 million for consumer redress.
Case 05 / 20
BetterHelp

Health information used for advertising

July 2023

United States · FTC consent order

The FTC alleged that BetterHelp disclosed identifiers and health questionnaire information to advertising platforms despite privacy promises. Its final order bans sharing health information for advertising and requires stronger privacy safeguards.

Final order: $7.8 million for partial consumer refunds.
Case 06 / 20
Ring · Amazon

Home cameras and access to private videos

June 2023 · follow-up July 2026

United States · Court-approved settlement

The FTC sued Ring over excessive employee access to videos and security failures enabling account takeovers. The settlement required deletion of certain videos and stronger safeguards. The FTC’s refund page documents further payments in July 2026.

Official case file includes the complaint and the June 16, 2023 court order.
Case 07 / 20
Tim Hortons

An app that followed people beyond their coffee order

1 June 2022

Canada · federal, Québec, British Columbia, Alberta · Joint investigation findings

Four privacy authorities found that the app collected detailed location information even when it was not open, with misleading consent. Tracking stopped in 2020. The company accepted recommendations to delete remaining data and improve its privacy program.

Published investigation findings; not a fine announced by this report.
Case 08 / 20
Vercel

Internal access through a compromised third-party account

24 April 2026

International service · Company incident notice

Vercel reported that an attacker used a compromised Context.ai account to access internal systems. A limited subset of customers was affected. The bulletin describes exposure of environment variables not marked as sensitive and remediation steps.

Company bulletin updated April 24; no judicial outcome established by this source.
Case 09 / 20
Mercor

A compromised dependency and stolen credentials

25 June 2026

International service · Company investigation update

Mercor attributes its March incident to the LiteLLM supply-chain compromise. In June, the company reported that sensitive information concerned a very limited subset of experts and that its investigation found no employee data affected. These are the company’s findings.

Source: company investigation update published in June.
Case 10 / 20
McKinsey · Lilli

A vulnerability in an internal AI tool

11 March 2026

International service · Company response to a vulnerability report

After a researcher’s report, McKinsey confirmed that a vulnerability in Lilli had been fixed. The company says its investigation found no evidence that the researcher or another unauthorized party accessed client data. A vulnerability alone does not establish a mass leak.

Company statement, not an established court finding about the extent of access.
Case 11 / 20
OpenAI

Authors challenge the use of their works

24 November 2025

United States · Southern District of New York · Civil litigation · procedural order

Authors have brought copyright claims concerning AI training. The federal court’s published order in consolidated case 25-md-3143 addresses discovery issues. Such an order is not a final judgment that all alleged infringements occurred.

Direct judicial document: discovery order, not a damages award.
Case 12 / 20
Free · Free Mobile

Subscriber data and security shortcomings

13 January 2026

France · Regulatory fines

After the October 2024 attack, the CNIL found inadequate security and shortcomings in breach notifications. Compromised data concerned approximately 24 million subscriber contracts; contracts should not be confused with distinct people.

Combined fines: €42 million (€27 million for Free Mobile; €15 million for Free).
Case 13 / 20
Change Healthcare

A healthcare cyberattack with a vast human impact

19 December 2025

United States · District of Minnesota · Civil litigation · court order

The February 2024 cyberattack led to consolidated litigation. A December 2025 federal order records the defendants’ estimate of 192.7 million affected people. The figure is attributed to that estimate; the order does not mean the litigation or compensation process was completed.

Case 24-md-3108; official court document.
Case 14 / 20
TikTok

Data transfers to China and transparency

2 May 2025

Ireland · European Economic Area · Regulatory fine

Ireland’s Data Protection Commission found infringements concerning transfers of EEA users’ data to China and the information provided to users. Its decision imposed corrective measures alongside a financial penalty.

DPC decision announced May 2, 2025: €530 million.
Case 15 / 20
Qantas

A supplier incident, with a qualified regulatory outcome

16 July 2026

Australia · Regulator’s preliminary inquiries concluded

The 2025 incident affected approximately five million Australians through an overseas contact-centre supplier. In July 2026, the OAIC concluded preliminary inquiries without evidence indicating a likely privacy-law breach by Qantas, and did not open a full investigation.

No further regulatory action at that stage; this incident is not a sanction.
Case 16 / 20
Google

Gmail advertising and cookies without valid consent

1 September 2025

France · Regulatory fine

The CNIL sanctioned Google over advertisements inserted between Gmail messages without prior consent and cookies placed during account creation. This case concerns those specific consent practices.

Combined fine: €325 million, announced September 3, 2025.
Case 17 / 20
LinkedIn

Behavioural analysis and targeted advertising

October 2024

Ireland · European Union · Regulatory fine

The DPC found infringements of lawfulness, fairness and transparency in processing personal data for behavioural analysis and targeted advertising. This decision concerns those practices, not a finding that LinkedIn illegally scraped millions of profiles.

DPC inquiry IN-18-08-3: €310 million.
Case 18 / 20
Meta · Facebook

The 2018 access-token breach

17 December 2024

Ireland · European Union · Regulatory fines

The DPC’s decisions concern a 2018 vulnerability allowing unauthorized access to approximately 29 million Facebook accounts worldwide. They address breach notification and data protection by design. This is a different case from Cambridge Analytica.

Combined DPC fines: €251 million.
Case 19 / 20
Texas v. Meta

Facial recognition and biometric consent

30 July 2024

United States · Texas · Civil settlement

Texas sued Meta over facial geometry captured through Facebook’s photo-tagging system, alleging violations of state biometric privacy law. The parties reached a settlement recorded in an agreed final judgment.

Settlement amount: $1.4 billion.
Case 20 / 20
WhatsApp

Transparency about personal-data processing

2 September 2021

Ireland · European Union · Regulatory fine

The DPC examined information given to users and non-users about processing personal data, including sharing within the Facebook group. It found transparency infringements. This decision does not establish a backdoor in message encryption.

DPC decision announced in 2021: €225 million.

Why keep control locally?

These cases show several ways personal information can escape its intended use: excessive collection, undisclosed advertising, compromised accounts or a vulnerable supplier.

Keeping your memories on your own device reduces exposure to centralized services. Local control still requires a protected device, secure backups and care over anything you choose to share.

Explore local memory · Read the memory FAQ

"The more laws, the less justice."
— The Count of Monte Cristo

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